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Renowned astrophysicist Neil deGrasse Tyson hosts
this fast-paced science newsmagazine. Segments in this episode
include the role of sleep in memory and learning; the
attempt by physicists at CERN to find out what the universe if
made of; an examination of "emergence"; and a profile of historical
archaeologist Julie Schablitsky.
Renowned astrophysicist Neil deGrasse Tyson hosts this fourth
installment of the fast-paced and provocative science newsmagazine,
now in its second season on PBS. This episode includes:
Sleep and Memory - We spend about one third of our lives
sleeping. Why? Scientists don't know for sure, but evidence is
building that sleep plays a crucial role in strengthening memories
and facilitating learning, not just in humans, but in all animals.
Many scientists are convinced that learning and higher-level
decision-making rely heavily on the unique experience sleep
provides - and they worry about the state of our sleep-deprived
culture.
CERN LHC - It could be the boldest experiment in all of science,
one that could answer a profound question: What is the universe
made of? CERN, the particle physics lab in Switzerland, is
constructing a new particle accelerator, the Large Hadron Collider
(LHC). With a 17-mile circumference, the structure is essentially a
giant circular magnet with protons zipping around inside of it.
Scientists are trying to detect the elusive Higgs, also known as
the "God particle" for its essential role in particle physics,
which supposedly accounts for the mass of all other particles - if
only researchers could find it. With luck, the LHC will do just
that and in the process answer unsettled questions about the nature
of matter.
Emergence - In any large group of individuals, there is a leader
with a plan, right? Well, not always. Scientists are finding that
order doesn't necessarily spring from the top down. Complex group
behaviors emerge spontaneously: thousands of starlings flock as
one, schools of fish evade predators in what seems like a highly
choreographed dance, neurons in our brains fire in rapid,
coordinated succession. This phenomenon, called "emergence," is
transforming math, biology, cognitive science and the way we
perceive the world.
Julie Schablitsky profile - Julie Schablitsky is a historical
archaeologist who focuses on the American West. She's now working
in the town of John Day, Oregon, trying to tell the story of the
Chinese laborers who went west in the late 1800s to work on the
railroads and in the mines. Written records from or about these
Chinese are scarce. Schablitsky works with a combination of written
records and archaeological finds to piece together their
history.